Ancient Greek-English Dictionary Language

πονέω

ε-contract Verb; Transliteration:

Principal Part: πονέω

Structure: πονέ (Stem) + ω (Ending)

Sense

  1. to work hard, do work, suffer toil, were busied, was busy
  2. to be in distress, to distress oneself, to suffer, be sick
  3. to work hard at, to make or do with pains or care
  4. to toil, labour, to labour, do
  5. to go through, suffer
  6. to labour, be hard-pressed, suffer, to be worn out, spoilt
  7. to afflict, distress, to be worn out, to suffer greatly
  8. to be trained or educated
  9. to gain by toil or labour, to be won or achieved by toil

Conjugation

Present tense

Active
1st person2nd person3rd person
IndicativeSingular πονῶ πονεῖς πονεῖ
Dual πονεῖτον πονεῖτον
Plural πονοῦμεν πονεῖτε πονοῦσιν*
SubjunctiveSingular πονῶ πονῇς πονῇ
Dual πονῆτον πονῆτον
Plural πονῶμεν πονῆτε πονῶσιν*
OptativeSingular πονοῖμι πονοῖς πονοῖ
Dual πονοῖτον πονοίτην
Plural πονοῖμεν πονοῖτε πονοῖεν
ImperativeSingular πόνει πονείτω
Dual πονεῖτον πονείτων
Plural πονεῖτε πονούντων, πονείτωσαν
Infinitive πονεῖν
Participle MasculineFeminineNeuter
πονων πονουντος πονουσα πονουσης πονουν πονουντος
Middle/Passive
1st person2nd person3rd person
IndicativeSingular πονοῦμαι πονεῖ, πονῇ πονεῖται
Dual πονεῖσθον πονεῖσθον
Plural πονούμεθα πονεῖσθε πονοῦνται
SubjunctiveSingular πονῶμαι πονῇ πονῆται
Dual πονῆσθον πονῆσθον
Plural πονώμεθα πονῆσθε πονῶνται
OptativeSingular πονοίμην πονοῖο πονοῖτο
Dual πονοῖσθον πονοίσθην
Plural πονοίμεθα πονοῖσθε πονοῖντο
ImperativeSingular πονοῦ πονείσθω
Dual πονεῖσθον πονείσθων
Plural πονεῖσθε πονείσθων, πονείσθωσαν
Infinitive πονεῖσθαι
Participle MasculineFeminineNeuter
πονουμενος πονουμενου πονουμενη πονουμενης πονουμενον πονουμενου

Imperfect tense

The inflection forms above were generated by rules and some usages of them were not attested.

Due to a bug of system, some forms may display wrong accents.

Examples

  • τί πονεῖσ; (Euripides, Iphigenia in Aulis, episode, anapests25)
  • εἶτα ἵνα πλησίον γένῃ τῆσ εὐδαιμονίασ ‐ δώσω γὰρ τοῦτό σοι ‐ τοσαῦτα πονεῖσ κατατρύχων σεαυτόν, καὶ παραδεδράμηκε σε ὁ βίοσ ὁ τοσοῦτοσ ἐν ἀκηδίᾳ καὶ καμάτῳ καὶ ἀγρυπνίαισ κάτω νενευκότα; (Lucian, 159:6)
  • λέγ’ ὅ τι πονεῖσ. (Sophocles, Ichneutae 14:2)
  • τίπτε μάτην, ἄνθρωπε, πονεῖσ καὶ πάντα ταράσσεισ, κλήρῳ δουλεύων τῷ κατὰ τὴν γένεσιν; (Unknown, Greek Anthology, Volume IV, book 10, chapter 771)
  • τί δὲ καὶ λύχνον ἅπτεισ καὶ πονεῖσ ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν καὶ τηλικαῦτα βιβλία γράφεισ; (Epictetus, Works, book 1, 19:1)

Synonyms

  1. to work hard

  2. to be in distress

  3. to work hard at

  4. to toil

  5. to go through

  6. to afflict

  7. to be trained or educated

Derived

Source: Henry George Liddell. Robert Scott. "A Greek-English Lexicon". revised and augmented throughout by. Sir Henry Stuart Jones.

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